Tables
Table 1: Descriptive participant data
| AoA |
11.90 |
4.07 |
| Current age |
22.74 |
3.43 |
| Proficiency |
5.26 |
0.94 |
Table 2: Word list
| tiro |
tipping |
tir |
| tema |
teller |
terre |
| talla |
tacky |
tasse |
| quiso |
penny |
quitte |
| queja |
pass |
quelle |
| cama |
parrot |
pile |
| piso |
kitten |
pere |
| pena |
kennel |
patte |
| pato |
cabbage |
|
Table 3: Descriptive Relative VOT for /k/ per language
| english |
k |
0.160 |
0.055 |
| french |
k |
0.148 |
0.055 |
| spanish |
k |
0.086 |
0.034 |
Table 4: Descriptive Relative VOT for /t/ per language
| english |
t |
0.134 |
0.046 |
| french |
t |
0.078 |
0.053 |
| spanish |
t |
0.046 |
0.021 |
Table 5: Descriptive Relative VOT for /p/ per language
| english |
p |
0.109 |
0.058 |
| french |
p |
0.063 |
0.042 |
| spanish |
p |
0.041 |
0.022 |
Table 6: Descriptive pooled Relative VOT per language
| english |
0.134 |
0.057 |
| french |
0.090 |
0.060 |
| spanish |
0.058 |
0.033 |
Table 7: Descriptive pooled Relative VOT per language in monolinguals
| french |
0.070 |
0.044 |
| spanish |
0.059 |
0.032 |
Table 8: Linear Regression of the full data set
|
|
relative vot z
|
|
Predictors
|
Estimates
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.21
|
0.92 – 1.51
|
<0.001
|
|
language [french]
|
-0.66
|
-0.96 – -0.36
|
<0.001
|
|
language [spanish]
|
-1.27
|
-1.56 – -0.97
|
<0.001
|
|
text [p]
|
-0.95
|
-1.25 – -0.65
|
<0.001
|
|
text [t]
|
-0.69
|
-0.99 – -0.39
|
<0.001
|
|
Random Effects
|
|
σ2
|
0.35
|
|
τ00 participant
|
0.14
|
|
τ00 word
|
0.09
|
|
ICC
|
0.39
|
|
N participant
|
39
|
|
N word
|
26
|
|
Observations
|
949
|
|
Marginal R2 / Conditional R2
|
0.424 / 0.650
|
Table 9: L2 subset Descriptive pooled Relative VOT per language
| english |
0.130 |
0.056 |
| french |
0.106 |
0.064 |
| spanish |
0.059 |
0.034 |
Table 10: Linear Regression of the L2 data subset
|
|
relative vot z
|
|
Predictors
|
Estimates
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.14
|
0.81 – 1.48
|
<0.001
|
|
language [french]
|
-0.34
|
-0.67 – -0.02
|
0.038
|
|
language [spanish]
|
-1.19
|
-1.50 – -0.87
|
<0.001
|
|
text [p]
|
-0.96
|
-1.28 – -0.63
|
<0.001
|
|
text [t]
|
-0.68
|
-1.01 – -0.36
|
<0.001
|
|
Random Effects
|
|
σ2
|
0.35
|
|
τ00 word
|
0.10
|
|
τ00 participant
|
0.17
|
|
ICC
|
0.43
|
|
N participant
|
23
|
|
N word
|
26
|
|
Observations
|
561
|
|
Marginal R2 / Conditional R2
|
0.398 / 0.659
|
Table 11: L1 subset Descriptive pooled Relative VOT per language
| english |
0.140 |
0.058 |
| french |
0.066 |
0.046 |
| spanish |
0.057 |
0.032 |
Table 12: Linear Regression of the L1 data subset
|
|
relative vot z
|
|
Predictors
|
Estimates
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.31
|
0.96 – 1.66
|
<0.001
|
|
language [french]
|
-1.13
|
-1.43 – -0.82
|
<0.001
|
|
language [spanish]
|
-1.39
|
-1.71 – -1.07
|
<0.001
|
|
text [p]
|
-0.94
|
-1.23 – -0.65
|
<0.001
|
|
text [t]
|
-0.70
|
-0.99 – -0.41
|
<0.001
|
|
Random Effects
|
|
σ2
|
0.28
|
|
τ00 word
|
0.07
|
|
τ00 participant
|
0.23
|
|
τ11 participant.languagefrench
|
0.04
|
|
τ11 participant.languagespanish
|
0.10
|
|
ρ01 participant.languagefrench
|
-1.00
|
|
ρ01 participant.languagespanish
|
-1.00
|
|
N participant
|
16
|
|
N word
|
26
|
|
Observations
|
388
|
|
Marginal R2 / Conditional R2
|
0.657 / NA
|
Table 13
| 100 |
L1 subset |
English-Spanish |
| 100 |
L2 subset |
English-Spanish |
| 100 |
Full subset |
English-Spanish |
| 18 |
L1 subset |
French-Spanish |
| 100 |
L2 subset |
French-Spanish |
| 80 |
Full subset |
French-Spanish |
| 100 |
L1 subset |
French-English |
| 45 |
L2 subset |
French-English |
| 91 |
Full subset |
French-English |